{"product_id":"discharge-over-notches","title":"Discharge Over Notches","description":"\u003ch4 data-start=\"43\" data-end=\"135\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"43\" data-end=\"52\"\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e Price is based on given specs. For other specifications, please submit an inquiry.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"585\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"282\"\u003eDischarge Over Notches\u003c\/strong\u003e is a fundamental experiment in \u003cstrong data-start=\"314\" data-end=\"346\"\u003efluid mechanics laboratories\u003c\/strong\u003e to measure the \u003cstrong data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"414\"\u003erate of flow of liquid over sharp-edged openings\u003c\/strong\u003e in open channels. This apparatus is commonly used in \u003cstrong data-start=\"468\" data-end=\"521\"\u003ecivil, mechanical, and hydraulic engineering labs\u003c\/strong\u003e to study the relationship between \u003cstrong data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"584\"\u003ewater head and discharge\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"872\"\u003eThe study of discharge over notches is essential for understanding open channel hydraulics, designing irrigation channels, controlling water supply, and analyzing flow behavior. This experiment bridges the gap between theoretical fluid mechanics and practical engineering applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"877\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"898\"\u003eWhat is a Notch?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"1166\"\u003eA \u003cstrong data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"911\"\u003enotch\u003c\/strong\u003e is a carefully calibrated opening in a thin plate placed in a tank or channel. Water flows over the notch, and the flow rate is determined by measuring the \u003cstrong data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1107\"\u003ehead of water above the notch crest\u003c\/strong\u003e. The discharge depends on the shape and size of the notch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1200\"\u003eCommon types of notches include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1498\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1320\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1204\" data-end=\"1320\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1204\" data-end=\"1226\"\u003eRectangular Notch:\u003c\/strong\u003e Suitable for large flow rates. Discharge depends on the width of the notch and head of water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1321\" data-end=\"1411\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1411\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1354\"\u003eV-Notch (Triangular Notch):\u003c\/strong\u003e Sensitive for small flow rates and accurate measurement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1498\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1498\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1455\"\u003eTrapezoidal Notch (Cipolletti Notch):\u003c\/strong\u003e Designed to reduce end contraction losses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1619\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1540\"\u003eDischarge Over Notches apparatus\u003c\/strong\u003e typically includes interchangeable notch plates to allow multiple experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1621\" data-end=\"1624\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1663\"\u003ePrinciple of Discharge Measurement\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1665\" data-end=\"1939\"\u003eThe experiment is based on \u003cstrong data-start=\"1692\" data-end=\"1782\"\u003eBernoulli’s theorem, continuity equation, and energy conservation in open channel flow\u003c\/strong\u003e. When water flows over a notch, the velocity is related to the head of water above the crest, and the discharge can be calculated using empirical equations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1941\" data-end=\"1978\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1974\"\u003egeneral discharge formula\u003c\/strong\u003e is:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-display\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eQ\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmo\u003e=\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eC\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmi\u003ed\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/msub\u003e\u003cmo\u003e×\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmtext\u003eTheoretical Discharge\u003c\/mtext\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eQ = C_d \\times \\text{Theoretical Discharge}\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eQ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrel\"\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\"\u003ed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mbin\"\u003e×\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord text\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003eTheoretical Discharge\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2039\"\u003eWhere:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2107\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2068\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2068\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eQ\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eQ\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eQ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e = Actual discharge\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2107\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2107\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eC\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmi\u003ed\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/msub\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eC_d\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\"\u003ed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e = Coefficient of discharge\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2109\" data-end=\"2241\"\u003eBy measuring the head and calculating the theoretical discharge, students can determine the coefficient of discharge experimentally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2246\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2272\"\u003eTypes of Notches Used\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2274\" data-end=\"2298\"\u003e1. Rectangular Notch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2299\" data-end=\"2368\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2299\" data-end=\"2328\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2301\" data-end=\"2328\"\u003eMeasures large flow rates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2368\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2368\"\u003eDischarge depends on width and head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2384\"\u003e2. V-Notch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2505\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2414\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2387\" data-end=\"2414\"\u003eUsed for small flow rates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2415\" data-end=\"2435\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2417\" data-end=\"2435\"\u003eHigh sensitivity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2505\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2438\" data-end=\"2505\"\u003eDischarge is proportional to \u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmsup\u003e\u003cmi\u003eH\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e5\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmi mathvariant=\"normal\"\u003e\/\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/msup\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eH^{5\/2}\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mtight\"\u003e5\/2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e, where \u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eH\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eH\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e is the head\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2507\" data-end=\"2530\"\u003e3. Cipolletti Notch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2531\" data-end=\"2638\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2531\" data-end=\"2552\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2533\" data-end=\"2552\"\u003eTrapezoidal shape\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2553\" data-end=\"2587\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2555\" data-end=\"2587\"\u003eEliminates contraction effects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2588\" data-end=\"2638\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2638\"\u003eProvides accurate discharge for moderate flows\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2722\"\u003eThe apparatus allows easy substitution of notch plates for comprehensive learning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"2727\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2729\" data-end=\"2761\"\u003eConstruction of the Apparatus\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2763\" data-end=\"2867\"\u003eA typical \u003cstrong data-start=\"2773\" data-end=\"2809\"\u003eDischarge Over Notches apparatus\u003c\/strong\u003e is constructed for durability, accuracy, and ease of use:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2869\" data-end=\"2886\"\u003e1. Notch Tank\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2887\" data-end=\"2978\"\u003eA tank made of \u003cstrong data-start=\"2902\" data-end=\"2932\"\u003estainless steel or acrylic\u003c\/strong\u003e with transparent sides for clear observation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"2999\"\u003e2. Notch Plates\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3000\" data-end=\"3068\"\u003ePrecision-machined \u003cstrong data-start=\"3019\" data-end=\"3067\"\u003eV-notch, rectangular, and trapezoidal plates\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3070\" data-end=\"3088\"\u003e3. Point Gauge\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3150\"\u003eUsed to measure the head of water above the crest accurately.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3152\" data-end=\"3178\"\u003e4. Water Supply System\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3248\"\u003eIncludes inlet pipe, control valve, and outlet drain for steady flow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3250\" data-end=\"3271\"\u003e5. Measuring Tank\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3272\" data-end=\"3343\"\u003eCollects water to measure actual discharge using the volumetric method.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3345\" data-end=\"3368\"\u003e6. Supporting Frame\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3369\" data-end=\"3423\"\u003eA robust frame ensures stability and proper alignment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3425\" data-end=\"3494\"\u003eThe design is user-friendly and suitable for repeated laboratory use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3499\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3501\" data-end=\"3521\"\u003eWorking Procedure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3523\" data-end=\"3569\"\u003eThe experiment follows a systematic procedure:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"4052\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3607\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3574\" data-end=\"3607\"\u003eFill the notch tank with water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3608\" data-end=\"3658\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3611\" data-end=\"3658\"\u003eAdjust the flow rate using the control valve.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3708\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3662\" data-end=\"3708\"\u003eAllow water to flow over the notch steadily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3709\" data-end=\"3784\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3712\" data-end=\"3784\"\u003eMeasure the head of water above the notch crest using the point gauge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3785\" data-end=\"3869\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3788\" data-end=\"3869\"\u003eCollect the discharged water in a measuring tank to determine actual discharge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3870\" data-end=\"3932\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3873\" data-end=\"3932\"\u003eCalculate theoretical discharge using standard equations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3933\" data-end=\"3985\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3936\" data-end=\"3985\"\u003eDetermine the coefficient of discharge \u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eC\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmi\u003ed\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/msub\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eC_d\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\"\u003ed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3986\" data-end=\"4052\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3989\" data-end=\"4052\"\u003eRepeat for different heads and notch types to study variations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4054\" data-end=\"4144\"\u003eThis method helps students correlate \u003cstrong data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4131\"\u003etheoretical and experimental results\u003c\/strong\u003e effectively.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4146\" data-end=\"4149\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4151\" data-end=\"4179\"\u003eExperimental Calculations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4181\" data-end=\"4222\"\u003eDischarge equations vary with notch type:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4224\" data-end=\"4245\"\u003eRectangular Notch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-display\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eQ\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmo\u003e=\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmfrac\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmn\u003e3\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mfrac\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eC\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmi\u003ed\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/msub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eb\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmsqrt\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmi\u003eg\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/msqrt\u003e\u003cmsup\u003e\u003cmi\u003eH\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e3\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmi mathvariant=\"normal\"\u003e\/\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/msup\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eQ = \\frac{2}{3} C_d b \\sqrt{2g} H^{3\/2}\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eQ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrel\"\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mfrac\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frac-line\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\"\u003ed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eb\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord sqrt\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"svg-align\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e2\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hide-tail\"\u003e\u003csvg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"400em\" height=\"1.28em\" viewbox=\"0 0 400000 1296\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMinYMin slice\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M263,681c0.7,0,18,39.7,52,119\nc34,79.3,68.167,158.7,102.5,238c34.3,79.3,51.8,119.3,52.5,120\nc340,-704.7,510.7,-1060.3,512,-1067\nl0 -0\nc4.7,-7.3,11,-11,19,-11\nH40000v40H1012.3\ns-271.3,567,-271.3,567c-38.7,80.7,-84,175,-136,283c-52,108,-89.167,185.3,-111.5,232\nc-22.3,46.7,-33.8,70.3,-34.5,71c-4.7,4.7,-12.3,7,-23,7s-12,-1,-12,-1\ns-109,-253,-109,-253c-72.7,-168,-109.3,-252,-110,-252c-10.7,8,-22,16.7,-34,26\nc-22,17.3,-33.3,26,-34,26s-26,-26,-26,-26s76,-59,76,-59s76,-60,76,-60z\nM1001 80h400000v40h-400000z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mtight\"\u003e3\/2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4293\" data-end=\"4304\"\u003eV-Notch\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-display\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eQ\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmo\u003e=\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmfrac\u003e\u003cmn\u003e8\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmn\u003e15\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mfrac\u003e\u003cmsub\u003e\u003cmi\u003eC\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmi\u003ed\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/msub\u003e\u003cmsqrt\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmi\u003eg\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/msqrt\u003e\u003cmi\u003etan\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmo\u003e⁡\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmo stretchy=\"false\"\u003e(\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmi\u003eθ\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmi mathvariant=\"normal\"\u003e\/\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmo stretchy=\"false\"\u003e)\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmsup\u003e\u003cmi\u003eH\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e5\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmi mathvariant=\"normal\"\u003e\/\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/msup\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eQ = \\frac{8}{15} C_d \\sqrt{2g} \\tan(\\theta\/2) H^{5\/2}\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eQ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrel\"\u003e=\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mopen nulldelimiter\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mfrac\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e15\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frac-line\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mclose nulldelimiter\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\"\u003ed\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord sqrt\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"svg-align\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e2\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hide-tail\"\u003e\u003csvg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"400em\" height=\"1.28em\" viewbox=\"0 0 400000 1296\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMinYMin slice\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M263,681c0.7,0,18,39.7,52,119\nc34,79.3,68.167,158.7,102.5,238c34.3,79.3,51.8,119.3,52.5,120\nc340,-704.7,510.7,-1060.3,512,-1067\nl0 -0\nc4.7,-7.3,11,-11,19,-11\nH40000v40H1012.3\ns-271.3,567,-271.3,567c-38.7,80.7,-84,175,-136,283c-52,108,-89.167,185.3,-111.5,232\nc-22.3,46.7,-33.8,70.3,-34.5,71c-4.7,4.7,-12.3,7,-23,7s-12,-1,-12,-1\ns-109,-253,-109,-253c-72.7,-168,-109.3,-252,-110,-252c-10.7,8,-22,16.7,-34,26\nc-22,17.3,-33.3,26,-34,26s-26,-26,-26,-26s76,-59,76,-59s76,-60,76,-60z\nM1001 80h400000v40h-400000z\"\u003e\u003c\/path\u003e\u003c\/svg\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-s\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mspace\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mop\"\u003etan\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mopen\"\u003e(\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eθ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\/2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mclose\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msupsub\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-t\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist-r\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"vlist\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pstrut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mtight\"\u003e5\/2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4366\" data-end=\"4374\"\u003eWhere:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4375\" data-end=\"4531\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4375\" data-end=\"4413\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4377\" data-end=\"4413\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eb\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eb\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eb\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e = Width of rectangular notch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4414\" data-end=\"4457\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4416\" data-end=\"4457\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eH\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eH\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e = Head of water above notch crest\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4458\" data-end=\"4497\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4460\" data-end=\"4497\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eg\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003eg\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e = Acceleration due to gravity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4498\" data-end=\"4531\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4531\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-mathml\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"\u003e\u003csemantics\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmi\u003eθ\u003c\/mi\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cannotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\"\u003e\\theta\u003c\/annotation\u003e\u003c\/semantics\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"base\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"strut\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mord mathnormal\"\u003eθ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e = Angle of V-notch\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4533\" data-end=\"4611\"\u003eThese calculations reinforce theoretical learning with practical observations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"4613\" data-end=\"4616\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4633\"\u003eApplications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4635\" data-end=\"4663\"\u003eEducational Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4829\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4705\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4666\" data-end=\"4705\"\u003eCivil and mechanical engineering labs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4746\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4708\" data-end=\"4746\"\u003eFluid mechanics teaching experiments\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4747\" data-end=\"4783\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4749\" data-end=\"4783\"\u003eOpen channel flow demonstrations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4784\" data-end=\"4829\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4786\" data-end=\"4829\"\u003eDetermination of coefficient of discharge\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"4831\" data-end=\"4857\"\u003ePractical Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"4858\" data-end=\"4992\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4858\" data-end=\"4887\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4860\" data-end=\"4887\"\u003eIrrigation channel design\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4888\" data-end=\"4933\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4890\" data-end=\"4933\"\u003eDams and reservoirs discharge calculation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4934\" data-end=\"4958\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4936\" data-end=\"4958\"\u003eWater supply systems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4959\" data-end=\"4992\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4961\" data-end=\"4992\"\u003eWastewater treatment channels\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4994\" data-end=\"5073\"\u003eThe experiment provides real-world insights into open channel flow measurement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5075\" data-end=\"5078\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"5080\" data-end=\"5093\"\u003eAdvantages\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5413\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5129\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5097\" data-end=\"5129\"\u003eSimple and robust construction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5130\" data-end=\"5196\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5132\" data-end=\"5196\"\u003eAccurate discharge measurement for small and medium flow rates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5197\" data-end=\"5234\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5199\" data-end=\"5234\"\u003eEasy observation of flow patterns\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5235\" data-end=\"5271\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5237\" data-end=\"5271\"\u003eUser-friendly and cost-effective\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5272\" data-end=\"5320\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5274\" data-end=\"5320\"\u003eSuitable for repeated laboratory experiments\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5321\" data-end=\"5375\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5323\" data-end=\"5375\"\u003eHelps understand practical open channel hydraulics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5376\" data-end=\"5413\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5378\" data-end=\"5413\"\u003eReliable and reproducible results\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5415\" data-end=\"5482\"\u003eThese advantages make it a preferred apparatus in engineering labs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5484\" data-end=\"5487\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"5489\" data-end=\"5503\"\u003eLimitations\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"5505\" data-end=\"5665\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5505\" data-end=\"5547\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5507\" data-end=\"5547\"\u003eNot suitable for very large flow rates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5548\" data-end=\"5584\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5550\" data-end=\"5584\"\u003eRequires steady and uniform flow\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5585\" data-end=\"5623\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5623\"\u003eSensitive to upstream disturbances\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5624\" data-end=\"5665\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5626\" data-end=\"5665\"\u003eAccurate head measurement is critical\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5667\" data-end=\"5760\"\u003eDespite limitations, the apparatus is highly effective for laboratory education and training.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"5762\" data-end=\"5765\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"5767\" data-end=\"5805\"\u003eImportance in Engineering Education\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5807\" data-end=\"5922\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong data-start=\"5811\" data-end=\"5847\"\u003eDischarge Over Notches apparatus\u003c\/strong\u003e enhances conceptual understanding of open channel flow. Students learn to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"5924\" data-end=\"6108\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5924\" data-end=\"5957\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5926\" data-end=\"5957\"\u003eCorrelate head with discharge\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5958\" data-end=\"5996\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5960\" data-end=\"5996\"\u003eCalculate coefficient of discharge\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"5997\" data-end=\"6035\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5999\" data-end=\"6035\"\u003eUnderstand open channel hydraulics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6036\" data-end=\"6067\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6038\" data-end=\"6067\"\u003eAnalyze experimental errors\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"6068\" data-end=\"6108\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6070\" data-end=\"6108\"\u003eDevelop practical engineering skills\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6110\" data-end=\"6214\"\u003eIt is a foundational experiment before advancing to complex hydraulic structures and irrigation systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"6216\" data-end=\"6219\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"6221\" data-end=\"6247\"\u003eQuality and Reliability\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6249\" data-end=\"6462\"\u003eHigh-quality apparatus is made of \u003cstrong data-start=\"6283\" data-end=\"6376\"\u003eprecision-machined notch plates, corrosion-resistant materials, and accurate point gauges\u003c\/strong\u003e. Leak-proof construction ensures long service life and reliable experimental results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6464\" data-end=\"6665\"\u003eTrusted suppliers provide fully tested equipment suitable for \u003cstrong data-start=\"6526\" data-end=\"6591\"\u003eengineering laboratories, colleges, and research institutions\u003c\/strong\u003e. The apparatus meets international standards for accuracy and durability.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Scilab EX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40901138317384,"sku":null,"price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0587\/1688\/0968\/files\/pic_34.webp?v=1766593031","url":"https:\/\/www.scilabex.com\/products\/discharge-over-notches","provider":"Scilab EX","version":"1.0","type":"link"}